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ADHD and Anxiety Medication People with ADHD typically suffer from co-occurring anxiety disorders. Anxiety can trigger restlessness, irritability and trouble sleeping. Stimulant medications can help alleviate these symptoms however, they may also cause adverse effects, such as the development of tics and minor reduction in growth in children and adolescents. Additionally, some people have anxiety issues while taking stimulant medications. Stimulants Stimulants are used to treat ADHD and Narcolepsy. They are also popular among recreational drug users as stimulants and performance-enhancing substances because of their ability to increase energy, alertness and focus. They can be found in capsules, tablets, chunky clear crystals or a white or brown powder. Large doses can lead to excessive stimulation, which can cause anxiety, panic, stomach cramps, paranoia and aggression. Long-term stimulant use can cause addiction and severe adverse effects such as heart problems stroke, high pressure and heart problems. The drugs typically prescribed to treat ADHD are also proven to have a track record for alleviating the symptoms of anxiety. They help by boosting brain chemicals like dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. They are less in ADHD patients. This boosts activity and communication between parts of the brain that control attention and executive function. This results in increased impulse control and anxiety symptoms are reduced. Research has shown that both atomoxetine and the methylphenidate reduce anxiety symptoms in people with ADHD and comorbid anxiety disorders. Both treatments improved anxiety symptoms beginning as early as the 4th week of treatment. The effect continued for 8 weeks. It is important to note that the kind of medication that will be most effective in treating anxiety and ADHD symptoms co-occurring may depend on which of the conditions has more impact on the quality of life of an individual. For instance, a person might experience a lot of anxious mini-crises on a daily basis as they rush around to make appointments or try to keep track of their work or school. These can be very distressing and might cause them to be anxious on a more frequently basis than the symptoms of a specific anxiety disorder or panic attack would. In these instances the antidepressants, or SSRIs are the best choice to alleviate anxiety-related symptoms. These drugs have been proven effective at decreasing anxiety levels in adults. source for this article are usually taken orally and can take a bit longer to effect the desired effects, however the most popular options are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like Sertraline and Fluoxetine, and serotonin and norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) like duloxetine and venlafaxine. These drugs can be utilized in conjunction with cognitive-behavioral treatments for anxiety. They are especially beneficial for patients who have a racing or elevated heart rate. SSRIs SSRIs, which are antidepressant drugs are frequently used to treat anxiety disorders. The drug that is the most popular in this category is fluoxetine, more commonly known as Prozac. The SSRIs can also aid in treating depression, obsessive compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. These medications are more adaptable and have less adverse negative effects than the older generation of antidepressants. The SSRIs work by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin at synapses. This causes the neurotransmitter in the synapse to remain active and communicate with the post synaptic cell more frequently than would be the case otherwise. This may increase the output of norepinephrine, which can reduce anxiety. It can also lead to higher levels of the neuronal cyclicAMP (cAMP), which stimulates protein synthesis. SSRIs can also reduce the impulsivity and hyperactivity. They also can improve sleep quality and reduce agitation for some people with ADHD. However, these medications can increase the risk of suicidal ideas and actions in some people. They can also cause an increase in appetite and weight gain, especially when they first begin. Another type of antidepressant known as SNRIs, functions differently than SSRIs. SNRIs hinder the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. They also have an impact on anxiety. They can enhance the functioning of the blood vessels and the heart muscle. This can reduce feelings like anxiety and stress. Certain people with bipolar disorder also benefit from their use. The most common SNRIs are duloxetine (Cymbalta) and venlafaxine (Effexor, Effexor XR) and desvenlafaxine (Khedezla, Pristiq). SNRIs may cause blood pressure to rise in certain people, and those who suffer from high blood pressure or heart disease should not take them. There are many treatment options for anxiety and ADHD that can be utilized in conjunction with medication. Mindfulness-based techniques can be beneficial in reducing anxiety and stress and stress, as can yoga and meditation. Some people find tapping on certain body points or techniques for emotional freedom can help lower cortisol levels, the hormone that causes anxiety. Diet and exercise can also help reduce anxiety. Your doctor can suggest a diet of whole grains, fruits and vegetables and avoiding sugar, which can increase anxiety in some ADHD adults and children. Non-stimulant-based medicines Although stimulants are highly effective in treating ADHD, and have been extensively researched but they are not the best choice for those who suffer from anxiety or ADHD. These medications can cause side effects such as increased heart rate and jitteriness. These symptoms can mimic or worsen symptoms of anxiety. Since 2002, non-stimulant medications are being used to treat ADHD (under the brand name Strattera). They do not increase blood pressure or heart rate, and they are less likely to suffer anxiety-related adverse effects like shaking, sweating or nervousness. Atomoxetine targets receptors for the brain chemical norepinephrine. It can aid in improving concentration and reduce impulsivity and hyperactivity. Studies have also demonstrated that it is effective in reducing anxiety symptoms in adolescents and children with ADHD. Researchers collected clinical articles from PubMed EMBASE PsycINFO and PsycINFO in order to determine if atomoxetine decreased anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents with ADHD. Bupropion is another medication that can help with anxiety symptoms. It targets the brain chemical dopamine. Bupropion is usually prescribed to patients suffering from ADHD and depression. It can also improve moods and help reduce anxiety symptoms. It is usually an excellent idea to identify and treat the underlying cause of anxiety before treating the ADHD because it can help to alleviate anxiety symptoms. In some cases, anxiety symptoms in ADHD children can be the source of their anxiety. The most effective method of treating anxiety in these circumstances is usually cognitive-behavioral therapy and psychostimulants. These treatments will reduce ADHD symptoms and anxiety by addressing the root cause of the problem. Antidepressants may also be prescribed to patients suffering from ADHD and anxiety. SSRI antidepressants that target Serotonin, a chemical in the brain, can aid in relieving anxiety symptoms and improve mood. Examples include Zoloft Lexapro, and Sertraline. The final decision of the right medication for you will be decided by your physician. Before recommending a medication they will take into consideration your symptoms, lifestyle and age, as well as other health issues. It is crucial to discuss your treatment goals with your doctor and stick to a regular schedule when taking any medication. Other options Based on your individual health goals, there are a variety of treatment options that may also be beneficial in managing ADHD and anxiety. These include mindfulness meditation, tapping (Emotional Freedom Techniques), sleep and nutrition, as well as exercise and healthy eating habits. People with anxiety are more likely to develop symptoms of ADHD, Dr. Hallowell says, which makes it difficult to treat both conditions simultaneously. He typically prescribes stimulants first to treat ADHD, and then turns to non-stimulant drugs like bupropion, atomoxetine or guanfacine for anxiety disorders. They are available 24/7 and are not controlled substances like stimulants.